Aphid Virus Transmission
Aphids are not only important because of the direct damage they cause through feeding. Many aphid species are capable of transmitting plant viruses, making them some of the most economically important pests in horticulture.
In many crops, virus transmission can cause greater losses than aphid feeding itself.
How Aphids Spread Viruses
When an aphid feeds on an infected plant, virus particles can be picked up on its mouthparts or enter the insect's body.
When the aphid moves to a healthy plant and begins feeding, the virus can be transmitted into the new host.
Even very low aphid populations can spread disease.
Why Virus Transmission Is Difficult To Control
Virus transmission often occurs before visible aphid colonies develop.
An aphid may:
- Land on a crop
- Probe several plants
- Transmit a virus
- Leave again
This means crops can become infected even when aphid numbers appear low.
Important Aphid Vectors In UK Horticulture
Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae)
One of the most important virus vectors worldwide.
Associated with transmission of numerous plant viruses affecting vegetables, ornamentals and protected crops.
Strawberry Aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)
Important vector of several strawberry viruses.
Particularly significant in propagation systems and long-term strawberry production.
Large Raspberry Aphid (Amphorophora idaei)
Known vector of Raspberry Mosaic Virus complex.
Can have significant impacts on cane fruit production.
Potato Aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae)
Capable of transmitting several plant viruses affecting vegetables and ornamental crops.
Crops Commonly Affected
- Strawberries
- Raspberries
- Potatoes
- Peppers
- Tomatoes
- Lettuce
- Ornamentals
- Herbs
Reducing Virus Risk
Good virus management focuses on prevention.
Strategies include:
- Starting with clean planting material
- Monitoring aphid flights
- Removing virus reservoirs
- Managing weed hosts
- Encouraging biological control
- Inspecting crops regularly
- Maintaining crop hygiene
The Importance Of Early Detection
Because virus transmission can occur before colonies become established, the goal is not simply to control aphids once they are visible.
Successful programmes aim to detect aphids early and reduce opportunities for virus spread throughout the crop.