Leatherjackets (Crane Fly Larvae)
Soil-dwelling crane fly larvae that feed on roots and collars, causing wilting and turf loss.
Leatherjackets are the larvae of crane flies (Tipula spp.). They live in the soil and feed on roots, crowns and collars of turf, nursery stock and container-grown plants. Symptoms include patchy yellowing, wilting and turf that lifts easily like a carpet. High populations can devastate lawns and nursery beds. Biological control relies on entomopathogenic nematodes such as Steinernema feltiae, applied to moist soil in the autumn or spring when larvae are small and active.
Biological Controls for Leatherjackets (Crane Fly Larvae)
The species below are examples of beneficial organisms commonly used against leatherjackets (crane fly larvae). Recommendations are based on published biological control information and practical IPM experience. Always confirm suitability for your crop, growing system and local conditions before use.
Steinernema carpocapsae
Environment: outdoor
Temperature Range: 10.0 – 25.0°C
Rate: 0.5–1 billion nematodes/ha
Frequency: One main treatment; repeat if high pressure
Targets leatherjackets in turf and nursery field crops; requires moist soil.
Atheta coriaria
Environment: all
Temperature Range: 10.0 – 30.0°C
Rate: 10–50/m²
Frequency: introduce early; top up as needed
Support-only soil predator layer; not a primary leatherjacket control. Keep as an IPM “soil health predator layer”.
Further BioWiki Reading
For more background on pest biology, beneficial insects and environmental factors, use the BioWiki alongside this practical control guide.
Related Biological Solutions
Growers dealing with leatherjackets (crane fly larvae) often also monitor these pests as part of a complete IPM programme: